M chap 3 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MOCK TRIAL ASSIGNMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MOCK TRIAL ASSIGNMENT - Essay Example A few inquiries must be tended to with the goal that the offended party is guaranteed of a reasonable case in the courts. The foundation of the members of the jury is critical to note while choosing the potential ones for portrayal (Walter and James). Right off the bat, the degree of instruction is of fundamental significance. Of significant worth likewise is the quantity of individuals in the family just as life partners. This movement of posing such inquiries attempts to research any preferences that might be concealed which could prompt the nullification of a reasonable preliminary. For example a jury could have been a survivor of such a case in the past henceforth this perspective may prompt extreme inclination coordinated towards the litigant in this way ruining the importance of the case under inquiry. Then again, the litigant ought to in like manner practice alert in the choice of the jury to defend the rights gave in him. The explanation for such endeavor is to forestall out of line conditions that hamper organization of equity to the wronged parties. For instance, the litigant for this situation must get some information about the relatives of the potential legal hearer since it very well may be circumstantial to such an extent that one of the gatherings to which he has a relationship leads in a specific insurance agency, etc. This could present difficulties on the grounds that the potential member of the jury may influence bias towards the litigant consequently no occurrence of equity would be experienced. The jury out to display critical ability no matter what just as demonstrable skill to the gatherings, the respondent and the offended party. 2.0 Opening Statement for the Defendants As the case before us displays, there is a great deal of carelessness with respect to the offended party. From the directions given by the producer, 1-4B has to a great extent been utilized in the assembling items in the family stage yet for it to turn perilous in its GH B structure; huge sums must be ingested in exceptionally high amounts (Andrew). Eminently, creation of Princess Beads doesn’t utilize elevated levels of this component therefore this renders the plaintiff’s guarantee outlandish. Moreover, we communicated our obligation by giving solid notice data concerning the item thus the offended party carelessly excused this perspective. To this regard, we can’t be obligated for the bothers neither the possible demise of the plaintiff’s child, Joey Davis. In particular, Princess Beads has been situated deliberately in the market to target offspring of more seasoned age than that of Joey; we can never be limited by any law to follow every individual buying Princess Beads to ensure it’s utilized properly. In this way, it’s my view, that of the whole organization that the offended party was answerable for the demise of her child by not encouraging the guardians to hold fast to the guidelines coordinated by the maker. They should have assumed their administrative job in the way expected to forestall such sad events. On the off chance that I was an individual from the board of the jury, I would choose an articulate individual to convey the initial proclamation. The individual ought to have a persuading limit with amazing elaboration abilities to ensure that the focuses are conveyed to the appointed authorities in a consecutive and systematic way which is both persuading and dependable (Hamid). A definitive effectiveness with which the equivalent is done along these lines enhances this case and will thus assemble a solid safeguard that in difficult to outperform. By so doing hence, the prior will include extra focuses and furthermore give an orientation to the

Literacy Narrative Examples - Learning English Through Storytelling

Literacy Narrative Examples - Learning English Through StorytellingLiteracy narrative examples are good for teaching various types of students, be it new students or those already out in the real world. However, if you are not very much familiar with narrative example software, then you may not even be able to recognize it. This is a situation that can turn into a disheartening cycle which might lead you to feel frustrated. You have to start taking advantage of these excellent tools by learning the basics of writing in the language.Each of the various forms of writing require different attributes. As a writer, you will understand that the more advanced it gets, the more difficult it becomes. You will also realize that the traditional techniques are far more complex than you ever imagined. Even so, once you master these basics, you will realize that there is no other way to write because that is the only way people will understand what you have to say.Through writing, the writer also writes a history of the events they are creating. In fact, this idea is a history itself and it is quite impressive. It also requires patience and tact. By following a few basic techniques, you will be able to write something that will thrill your readers and allow them to identify with what you have to say.Narratives are among the most commonly used examples when learning the language. It is because they are easy to read. They can also be found online. The content can be read as well and you can even get the author's name on it. Aside from the name, you will also get a brief synopsis of the novel as well as the subject of the story.These examples can also help the learners with word problems. Most languages contain a lot of common mistakes which make a difference to the meanings of words. Sometimes, even a casual observation may make the difference between a correct and incorrect decision. A storytelling example can help the students learn about the English language.There are also some lessons for effective storytelling. The students will also find it easy to visualize the action of their stories. Once they get the hang of reading, writing and listening, they will be able to visualize and create an interesting story based on their stories. Through this, they will also be able to achieve the goal of literacy.Literacy in schools needs several requirements that make it possible. Just like literacy in general, schools need these skills. These examples will always be helpful in making your students know more about the English language.They can also be used by people who want to learn the language, as well. It does not matter what your interest is. The lesson can also be useful to people who just want to understand how people think and their background and other important points of their life.

Prepared for College Ready to Write, Learn and Work Essay...

I entered college with a mindset prepared to learn, write and do work. However, I was not familiar with the amount of work that I would be receiving. I was also unaware of how quickly we would be going through the information in the textbooks. This came as a shock to me because all of this would be happening in such a short amount of time. When I saw the English syllabus for the first time, I panicked and thought â€Å"oh my goodness†, how am I going to do all of this. I read through the syllabus over three times and never was I able to answer that question. The second thought that ran through my mind was about my professor. Who is she? Is she nice? Is she exciting? My cousin told me to create a good impression on my professor and make sure†¦show more content†¦The first weeks of class were easy to me because I enjoy reading and writing my thoughts down. So the handouts such as â€Å"group minds†, and â€Å"once more to the lake† were really intriguing t o me. I feel that the class became hard for me when essays started rolling into the schedule. I was terrified about writing my first college paper because I never wrote papers in my high school English class so I was not sure about how good I wrote. I remember the first essay being a descriptive essay. I had no clue what I was doing or where to start, but that did not stop me from doing it because it was a challenge that appealed to my mind. I read the paper over 10 times just to make sure it was just right, and turned it in. When it was returned I was in shock about my grade because I did really well. Yet, there is always room for improvement. I feel that I need to improve my vocabulary in order to make my papers sound more intelligent. I also need to learn how to stay focused and think positively about everything that I do. Another important thing that I need to figure out is how to keep from getting writers block because that takes a lot of time and energy out of me. Two of my hugest concerns in this class will be writing papers in MLA because I have never used the MLA format before and completing the research paper because I have never done a research paper before. I have also never done research in a library, nor have I ever usedShow MoreRelatedEducation Needs To Focus More On Teaching Realistic Things1687 Words   |  7 Pagesrealistic things that we need going forward in life. Education in high school should get students prepared for college and life after high school. Students need to be learning things like, how to write a college paper the correct way, how to keep track of your personal fiancà ©s, do home improvement type jobs and how to communicate effectively with others. Students leaving high school and going to college need to know how to keep track of their personal finances. Living on your own in the real worldRead MorePolitical Correctness is Damaging Americas Education System721 Words   |  3 Pagesa false sense of readiness by forcing an ill-prepared employee into a profession that is above their skill set. Throughout America, the educational infrastructure continues to under-prepare students for future positions that require highly trained individuals to complete necessary tasks. In Daniel Brunos â€Å"Entitlement Education†, he states, â€Å"It is not that his boss puts her foot down; instead, the job does. Our student finds himself not well prepared for it. He gets cheated because he is disadvantagedRead MoreThe Phases Of American Education1528 Words   |  7 Pagesvery basicÍ ¾ students got lessons directly from the teacher and more information from the book. Back then, parents taught their children how to read and write from the bible and hornbooks. People usually learned how to read from picture books. 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Now that I have completed a semester, I can give myself an evaluation to see how I did and learn from the mistakes I made to prepare myself for next semester. As for my participation in college, I handled my attendance well. I always came to class on time and I haven’t missed that many days. I would rate myself pretty good when it comes to attendance and coming to class prepared. However, I did not perform well when it came to completingRead MoreThe American High School System Handicaps Its Students1192 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican high school system handicaps its students academically. High school lacks the academic tools to properly prepare high school students for the college setting. Students who are accustomed to the high school teaching style will have a hard time adjusting to college educators. High school students most likely will be uncomfortable with a college educators strict rules during a course. Today, school students struggle with basic reading and mathematics. They aren t challenging themselves in readingRead MoreWhy Does America Need The Common Core? Essay1437 Words   |  6 PagesUSA is disjointed and subpar lea ving students ill prepared to enter the workforce and college. As evidenced by the persistent problem of students graduating and passing required exit exams in high school; yet, they still needed remediation upon entry to college. The Common Core is good because it provides a set of age appropriate learning goals and sets a national high-quality academic standard for Math and English to prepare students for college and career readiness. In essence, the Common CoreRead MoreGraduation Speech : My Writing Skills943 Words   |  4 Pagesbetter writer and has helped my grammar grow extremely. Another thing that I have gained in this class is stronger sense of vocabulary words. While writing these papers I have learned the variety of different papers there are. I have learned how to write these papers for future purposes so I will be successful in the long run. My goals as an improving writer are to become more creative and use my skills to the fullest potential. Another goal of mine is to improve more on vocabulary words and makeRead MoreAn Exciting English 101 Course759 Words   |  4 Pagesto an exciting English 101 course! In this composition course, you are expected to help each other develop a unique writing style that is appropriate for college. This development will be done through a series of in-class writings, revisions, peer editing, and grammar, writing, and reading exercises. In order to write effectively, we will write on a regular basis and read and discuss engaging topics revolving around the theme of the individual and social response to dystopian conditions. We willRead MoreA Perfect Score1214 Words   |  5 PagesMost college students are piled with difficult work each week. Collection of assignments, are stack carefully on the students desk ready to be completed. Let alone, a history professor later mentions that a test will be assigned in less than two days. The test makes a college student drown in caffeine;therefore, canceling all his plans due to planning a long marathon of studying. But luck has come along and studies of straight A’s students have shown effective ways to study for a test, which includes

The Stonewall Riots And Its Impact On Lgbt Society

Early in the morning of June 28, 1969, the habitual bar raids continued to occur in the streets of New York. However, one raid soon took a different turn compared to all the previous raids. The LGBT community had enough and decided to take a stand against the unjust acts of the New York Police Department, which would forever change LGBT history. The Stonewall Riots were preceded by several years of mistreatment, and began when a beloved gay bar was raided; this created a major impact on LGBT rights and activism. LGBT Americans have been prejudiced against long before the Stonewall Riots. Those who identified as a person in this community would be sent to mental institutions and affectionate acts between these individuals often led to†¦show more content†¦In addition, Stonewall had many problems, including a nonexistent fire exit and extremely watered down drinks. Despite this, the Stonewall Inn was still cherished by many. The Saturday morning the Stonewall Inn was raided ig nited the LGBT individuals’ anger. The owners were not notified of the raid and employees that illegally sold alcohol proceeded to be arrested by police. Bar patrons were being beaten and arrested by police due to their sexual orientations and wearing what was not deemed gender appropriate. A total of thirteen people were arrested that morning. Instead of leaving the area, furious onlookers decided to take action. As officers forced a lesbian into a police van she shouted, â€Å"Why don’t you guys do something!† Then, crowds began to form and throw objects at police, which included bottles and rocks. In addition to that, pennies were thrown at police by the crowd to mock the corrupt police officers. To protect themselves from debris, officers barricaded themselves in the bar and called for reinforcements. This was futile because the mob repeatedly broke through the barricade and set fire to the bar. When reinforcements arrived, they were able to take out the fir e but were unable to stop the riot. Every time they dispersed the crowd in front of them, a new one would form behind them in minutes. The riots persisted for six days: The Stonewall became home to these kids. When it was raided, they fought for it. That, andShow MoreRelatedLgbt History And The Modern Era1737 Words   |  7 Pages There are many topics prevalent shown throughout history. History books in today’s society highlight the majority of groups of people and historical events. This essay will prove that there is a problematic issue where LGBT lives and existences are being erased throughout history and the modern era. Throughout, it will be explained how these groups of people are being underrepresented within history, major wars, and the modern era. History covers a very broad spectrum of time, with recorded historyRead MoreThe United States1445 Words   |  6 PagesGroups have been affected due to identities that include but are not limited to: race, religion, ethnicity, immigration status, and sexual orientation. Of course this history of identity politics is not limited to the US, but the exploration of the LGBT movement within these borders can offer an important perspective on the tumultuous political history of gay rights. For decades, homosexuality was punished through secret courts, smear campaigns in print media, exclusion from government benefits sterilizationRead MoreGay And Trans Rights Movement Essay2379 Words   |  10 Pagesbut not well known movement that took place was the gay and trans rights movement. This centered around the idea of those of the queer (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender+, or LGBT+) community that sought to be understood during a time of extreme prejudice against them. This led to incidents like the Stonewall Inn riots led by Marsha P. Johnson and to political figures like Josà © Sarria and Harvey Milk, who worked tirelessly to help reform social views to make America a safer place. Even now AmericaRead MoreSocial Media And Social Movements1190 Words   |  5 Pagesidentifies that internet activism is an instant frenzy that creates a brief impact but is not adequate enough to remain on its own. When media is used as an intellectual resource for activism it can expose people s conscious about diverse predicaments or movements occurring around the globe. In today s contemporary society people had the power to create a significant change in the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender (LGBT) community by having same sex marriage legalized in all 50 states. The hashtagRead MoreA Case Study On Homosexuality1303 Words   |  6 Pagessemester classes. With this paper, I will examine the history of homosexuality in men and see how it was viewed back in much earlier times, when this identity began to arise more rapidly over time as well as any changes along the way, and how we as a society look at homosexuality today. Homosexuality is the sexual attraction to people of ones’ own sex. Until this identity was â€Å"established† there was a massive multitude of various same-sex practices and activities within different cultures spread throughoutRead More The acceptance of â€Å"abnormal† sexualities Essay1299 Words   |  6 Pagesfamily, livelihood, and sometimes even their lives. It was only after the Stonewall riots and the organization of gay/lesbian groups that times for homosexuals started to look brighter. In 1950, a homosexual man named Harry Hay and a group of homosexual activists decided that they were tired of being treated unequally just because of their sexual orientation (Mattachine Society Today 3). 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Financial Crisis of 2008 and Formulation of Economic Policies

Question: Discuss the reasons for policy formulation and implementation and policies formulated and their nature? Answer: Introduction The Great Recession roots back to 2004 when there was a sudden increase in interest rates in the housing sector. This increase resulted in increase in defaulters of subprime mortgages throughout America. Later in 2007, this came to be known as the Subprime Mortgage Crisis. As a result, biggest mortgage firms became insolvent. This crippled the secondary mortgage market and an increased unemployment. The real estate and the banking sector collapsed. Reasons for policy formulation and implementation The situation continued and by 2008 two of the housing giants in America; Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac filed bankruptcy and announced that they would not invest in risky RMBS or CMBS through securitization. This affected big hedge firms such as Bear Stearns, a large portion of whose capital base was tied up in subprime mortgages. Large business houses announced their inability to cope with the situation and wanted to revise their financial statements. International finance organizations closed doors for American firms as a fair valuation of the firms were unable to be arrived at. The stock market lost points rapidly as high interest rates discouraged the investment mentality of multinationals. In such a volatile investment scenario, credit rating of American securities and companies fell to a great extent as rating agencies downgraded them to lowest investment ratings. The banking sector suffered tremendously and there was gigantic increase in NPAs and they had no option to clear their balance sheets. Ultimately, the fall of Lehman Brothers market the beginning of the financial crisis. Economic growth came to a halt with an increase in the unemployment rate to almost 8% (Ncpa.org, 2015). Policies formulated and their nature The crisis made business environment in the country volatile with an acute unavailability of investment opportunities. Consolidated fiscal policies were required to be taken to counter the situation and bring about stability in price fluctuations. Thus, the following economic, fiscal and monetary policies were formulated and implemented by the administration: Dodd-Frank Act and Consumer Protection Act Objective of passing the act was to prevent the collapse of financial intermediaries such as banks, stockbrokers, insurance companies etc. Systemically important institutions and core investment companies availed a protection under this act in case they required a bailout by the government. Bailing out of money market mutual funds The Treasury department announced a financial assistance of $50 million for money market mutual funds to secure their investments. Short selling was terminated for a substantial number of stocks and changes in the required regulation were undertaken. Bailing out Fannie Mae Freddie Mac The Federal government utilized the $700 billion fund, Trouble Asset Relief Programme (TARP) to bail out the housing giants and buy other mortgage backed securities to stabilize the housing sector (2015). Other Legislations passed In an attempt to stabilize the market the following legislations were passed: Emergency Economic Stabilization Act, 2008 with a bailout corpus of $700 billion Stop Fraud Act which increased penalty for defaults in mortgage payments American Reinvestment and Recovery Act (ARRA) Other measures taken The following are the other major initiatives taken under the new economic policy: Creation of a stimulus of $787 which was later increased to $862 Tax reliefs in the form of cuts Government repurchases in tranches for two years Passing of agriculture and Housing Bills in 2007 Additional mortgage relief subsidies Lowering of interest rates to promote investment Debt reliefs to increase consumption Measures to increase employment opportunities Constitution of major commissions and boards to regulate and monitor the financial system and market Analysis and Conclusion Economists and scholars of political science describe the natures of the policies undertaken by the Obama administration to be similar to Keynesian theories as the policies deal with the acute problems of unemployment, tax structure and government expenditure. The government expenditure multiplier played a pivotal role in the policy formulation. The total expenditure during the period was estimated to be $4 trillion and the multiplier was calculated to be more than one which turned out to the most significant factor (2015). The policy measures somewhat were not up to the mark and the growth of the economy did not prove to be robust. The targets were missed by miles and the fragile situation of the regulatory environment proved disastrous. The inverse relationship of real GDP and unemployment was severe and the promise of price stability was not fulfilled by the administration. Though the choice of the policies seemed rational, but the politics of the elite was evidently visible. Big firms were bailed out without any inconvenience but the common people of the country had to face the wrath of the Stop Fraud Act. Due to the unfortunate fact of massive downsizing ratio of debt obligations and disposable income reached almost 135% (2015). The policies failed to repose the confidence of the investors and rising debt diminished consumption patterns. Thus, a number of political theories were evident in the economic policies. References (2015). Retrieved 12 July 2015, from https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-FCIC/pdf/GPO-FCIC.pdf (2015). Retrieved 12 July 2015, from https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL34742.pdf (2015). Retrieved 12 July 2015, from https://www.atu.edu/jbao/Economic_Policy_and_the_Current_U_S_Recovery.pdf Ncpa.org,. (2015).Which Federal Policies Help or Hurt Economic Growth?. Retrieved 12 July 2015, from https://www.ncpa.org/sub/dpd/index.php?Article_ID=22419

Problem Solutions Essay Example

Problem Solutions Paper For the 1 year bond we must have where is the 1 year zero rate. It follows that or 1 1. 5%. For the 2-year bond we must have where is the 2-year zero rate. It follows that or 11. 3%. Problem 4. 9. What rate Of interest With continuous compounding is equivalent to per annum with monthly compounding? The rate of interest is where: The rate of interest is therefore 14. 91% per annum. Problem 4,10_ A deposit account pays 12% per annum with continuous compounding, but interest is actually paid quarterly. How much interest will be paid each quarter on a $10,000 deposit? The equivalent rate of interest with quarterly compounding is where The amount of interest paid each quarter is therefore: or $304. 55. Problem 4. 11. Suppose that 6-month, 12-month, 18-month, 24-month, and 30-month zero rates are 4%, 4. 2%, 44%, 4. 6%, and 4. 8% per annum with continuous compounding respectively, Estimate the cash price off bond with a face value of 100 that will mature in 30 months and pays a coupon of 4% per annum semiannually. The bond pays $2 in 6, 12, 18, and 24 months, and $102 in 30 months. The cash price Problem 4. 12. A three-year bond provides a coupon Of 8% semiannually and has a cash price Of 04. What is the bonds yield? The bond pays $4 in 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 months, and $104 in 36 months. The bond yield is the value Of that solves using the Goal seek tool in Excel or 6. 407%. Problem 4. 13. Suppose that the 6-month, 12-month, 18-month, and 24-month zero rates are 5%, 6%, 6. 5%, and 7% respectively. What is the two-year par yield? Using the notation in the text, , . Also The formula in the text gives the par yield as To that this is correct we calculate the value of a bond that pays a coupon of 7. 072% per year (that is 3. 5365 every six months), The value is refrying that 7. 72% is the par yield. Problem 414 _ Suppose that zero interest rates with continuous compounding are as follows: Maturity(years) Rate (% per annum) Calculate forward interest rates tort the second, third, fourth, and fifth years. We will write a custom essay sample on Problem Solutions specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Problem Solutions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Problem Solutions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The forward rates with continuous compounding are as follows: to Year 2: 4. 0% Year 3: 5. 1% Year 4: 5. 7% Years: 5. 7% Problem 4. 15. Use the rates in Problem 4. 14 to value an FAR ever you will pay 5% for the third year on $1 million. The forward rate is 5. 1% With continuous compounding or With annual compounding. The 3-year interest rate is 3. With continuous compounding. From equation (4. 10), the value Of the FAR is therefore or $1,964. 67. Problem 4. 16. A 10-year, 8% coupon bond currently sells for SIS. A 10-year, 4% coupon bond currently sells for $80. What is the Ill-year zero rate? (Hint: Consider taking a long position in two of the 4% coupon bonds and a short position in one of the 8% coupon bonds. ) Taking a long position in two of the 4% coupon bonds and a short position in one of the coupon bonds leads to the following cash flows because the coupons cancel out. $100 in 10 years time is equivalent to $70 today, The 10-year rate, , (continuously compounded) is therefore given by The rate is or per annum_ Problem 4. 17 _ Explain carefully why liquidity preference theory is consistent with the observation that the term structure Of interest rates tends to be upward sloping more often than it is downward sloping. If long-term rates were simply a reflection of expected future short-term rates, we would expect the term Structure to be downward sloping as often as it is upward sloping. (This is based on the assumption that half of the time investors expect rates to increase and half of the time investors expect rates to decrease). Liquidity preference theory argues that long term rates are high relative to expected future shorter rates. This means that the term structure should be upward sloping more often than it is downward sloping. Problem 4, 18. M/hen the zero curve is upward sloping, the zero rate tort a particular maturity is greater than the par yield for that maturity. When the zero curve is downward sloping the reverse is true. Explain why this is so. The par yield is the Yield on a coupon-bearing bond. The zero rate is the yield on a zero-coupon bond. When the yield curve is upward sloping, the yield on n -year coupon-bearing bond is less than the yield on an -year zero-coupon bond. This is because the coupons are discounted at a lower rate than the -year rate and drag the yield down below this rate. Similarly, when the yield curve is downward sloping, the yield on an -year coupon bearing bond is higher than the yield on an ;year zero-coupon bond. Problem 4. 19. Why are US. Treasury rates significantly lower than Other rates that are close to risk free? There are three reasons (see Business Snapshot 4. 1). 1. Treasury bills and Treasury bonds must be purchased by financial institutions o fulfill a variety of regulatory requirements. This increases demand for these Treasury instruments driving the price up and the yield down. 2. The amount of capital a bank is required to hold to support an investment in Treasury bills and bonds is substantially smaller than the capital required to support a similar investment in other very-low-risk instruments. 3. In the United States, Treasury instruments are given a debatable tax treatment compared with most other fixed- income investments because they are not taxed at the state level. Problem 4,20_ Why does a loan in the reap market involve very little credit risk? A reap is a contract where an investment dealer who owns securities agrees to sell them to another company now and buy them back later at a slightly higher price. The other company is providing a loan to the investment dealer. This loan involves very little credit risk. If the borrower does not honor the agreement, the lending company simply keeps the securities. If the lending Company does not keep to its side of the agreement, the original owner of the securities keeps the cash. Problem 4. 21. Explain why an FAR is equivalent to the exchange of a floating rate of interest for fixed rate of interest? A FAR is an agreement that a certain specified interest rate, , will apply to a certain principal, , for a certain specified future time period. Suppose that the rate observed in the market for the future time period at the beginning of the time period proves to be. Fifth FAR is an agreement that will apply when the principal is invested, the holder tooth FAR can borrow the principal at and then invest it at. The net cash flow at the end of the period is then an inflow of and an outflow of If the FAR is an agreement that will apply when the principal is arrowed, the holder of the FAR can invest the borrowed principal at The net cash flow at the end of the period is then an inflow and an outflow of. In either case we see that the VERA involves the exchange of a fixed rate of interest on the principal of for a floating rate of interest on the principal. Problem 4. 22. An interest rate swap where six-month LABOR is exchanged for a fixed rate on a principal of $100 million is a portfolio of FRATS. Explain.